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Tocotrienols
Tocotrienols comprise one half of the vitamin E family that includes the better-known tocopherols, and can be found in various foods, most prominently in rice bran and palm oil. Like tocopherols, tocotrienols function as powerful antioxidants, and in certain systems there is evidence that tocotrienols may even possess greater antioxidant activity compared with tocopherols. While structurally similar, tocotrienols contain double bonds on their isoprenoid side chains, whereas tocopherols do not (Fig. 3). In addition to their antioxidant function, tocotrienols have demonstrated the ability to reduce cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting the hepatic enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA), a rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. This finding has resulted in research investigating the ability of tocotrienols to effect cholesterol levels as well as other cardiovascular health parameters. Studies have shown that subjects with carotid atherosclerosis who consumed tocotrienols for 2 years had a reduction in amount of cholesterol-laden plaque in their carotid arteries compared with those who received a placebo
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